This case study investigates the first active shooter incident in a Czech higher education institution, which occurred at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University, in December 2023. The study aims to analyse the causes, course, and consequences of the attack, focusing on systemic and operational deficiencies in security measures and crisis response. Using qualitative research methods, including document analysis, forensic investigations, and interviews, the study identifies gaps in interagency communication, firearms regulations, and mental health monitoring. The key findings emphasise the need for legislative reforms, enhanced early warning systems, and integrated security technologies. The study contributes to the broader discourse on preventing mass violence in educational settings, offering actionable recommendations for policymakers, law enforcement, and institutional administrators